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Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Perciformes
Family: Cichlidae

Peacock bass
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Peacock bass
Genus: Cichla
Peacock bass is the common name in English for a group of closely related species of tropical, freshwater fish of the genus Cichla, native to the Amazon River basin of South America. They also inhabit the waters of Colombia, the Dominican Republic, Malaysia, Panama, Singapore, Venezuela and parts of the United States (Guam, Florida, Puerto Rico, Hawaii, and the United States Virgin Islands). Despite their name, these fish are not basses, but rather cichlids.
Taxonomic and common names

There are 15 known species of peacock bass and two more that ichthyologists have yet to name. Their common names vary greatly depending on the country, region, stage of development and local anglers. Below is a complete list of the taxonomic, binomial names for these cichlids along with four English common names.[1]
Cichla intermedia (royal peacock bass)
Cichla jariina
Cichla kelberi
Cichla monoculus
Cichla melaniae
Cichla mirianae
Cichla nigromaculata
Cichla ocellaris (butterfly peacock bass)
Cichla orinocensis
Cichla pinima
Cichla piquiti
Cichla pleiozona
Cichla temensis (speckled peacock bass but three-barred peacock bass while spawning)
Cichla thyrorus
Cichla vazzoleri
The two species without taxonomic names are the Rio Travessao peacock bass and Rio Paru peacock bass.
There are many common names for these fish in Brazil, the country of their largest native region. The most popular of these is tucunaré (too-coo-nah-REH). In Spanish, the generic common name for these cichlids is pavόn (pah-VON).

Conservation status

The IUCN has never investigated the conservation status of any peacock bass species. Therefore they do not appear on its red list. Currently, there are no reports of any peacock bass species being endangered.

Physical traits

The speckled peacock bass is the largest species and can grow up to 100 centimeters (three feet, four inches) in length. The royal peacock bass is the smallest and grows to a maximum length of 55 centimeters (one foot, 10 inches). Also, most display three wide vertical stripes on their bodies and a spot on their tail fins that resembles the eyes on a peacock's tail feathers -- a feature which resulted in their English and Spanish common names. In addition, all adult males have a pronounced hump on their foreheads. Other physical traits can vary greatly depending on the species, individual and stage of development. These include but are not limited to: dark rosettes instead of stripes, light speckles and impressive shades of bright green, orange, blue and gold. The stripes, however, tend to fade in late adulthood.

Valued as gamefish


Sport fishermen have made these cichlids prized game fish for their fighting qualities, so much so that many travel agencies now arrange fishing trips to Brazil and Florida specifically to catch peacock bass.
Renowned American peacock bass fisherman and fishing author, Larry Larsen, refers to them as "freshwater bullies" due to their ferocious nature when hunting and their tendency to damage and sometimes destroy fishing gear when striking. Also, the most common techniques for catching them are similar to those for catching largemouth bass with the notable exception that peacock bass usually won't strike artificial worms -- a widely used lure among largemouth bass fisherman. In addition, fly fishing techniques, including lures such as poppers and large streamers, are becoming increasingly popular for catching these cichlids.
Despite their popularity among anglers, some naturalists have identified peacock bass as potential pests for causing ecological imbalances in some of their introduced areas.

Invasive species

Peacock bass introduction in the Rosana Reservoir and upper Paraná River, both in Brazil, resulted in a 95 percent decline in native fish density and 80 percent decline in richness in only two years.
Few measures can protect native fish once peacock bass have been introduced: reduction in native species richness in lakes with introduced peacock bass was observed in all areas of each lake regardless of the presence of macrophyte refugia.After initial increase in abundance, introduced peacock bass often deplete local prey and resort to cannibalism.